| MODULE: Electrics |
|
| Basic Electrics |
1.1 |
| Electrical Circuit Testing |
1.2 |
| Batteries |
1.3 |
| Keyless Go System |
1.4 |
| Power management |
1.5 |
| Wiring Diagrams |
1.6 |
| MODULE: Basic Engine Technology |
|
| The Otto Cycle |
2.1 |
| Oil Pumps and Lubrication |
2.2 |
| Water Pumps and Cooling |
2.3 |
| MODULE: Starting and Charging Circuits |
|
| Starting Circuits |
3.1 |
| Stop Start Systems |
3.2 |
| Charging |
3.3 |
| MODULE: Electronic Ignition |
|
| Ignition Primary Circuits |
4.1 |
| Ignition Secondary Circuits |
4.2 |
| Testing Ignition Secondary Circuits |
4.3 |
| MODULE: Petrol Electronic Fuel Injection |
|
| Indirect Petrol Electronic Fuel Injection |
5.1 |
| Direct Petrol Electronic Fuel Injection |
5.2 |
| Fuel Pressure Testing (indirect injection) |
5.3 |
| MODULE: Diesel Fuel Injection |
|
| Diesel Mechanical Fuel Injection |
6.1 |
| Diesel Mechanical Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting |
6.2 |
| Types of Electronic Diesel Fuel Injection |
6.3 |
| Bosch Diesel Common Rail (part1) |
6.4 |
| HDI – Engine |
6.4 ref |
| Bosch Diesel Common Rail (part2) |
6.5 |
| Bosch Diesel Common Rail (part3) |
6.6 |
| Bosch Diesel Unit Injection (Pumpe-Duse) |
6.7 |
| Diesel Leak-off Testing |
6.8 |
| Vacuum Supply |
6.9 |
| Low Pressure Fuel Testing |
6.1 |
| MODULE: Control Modules |
|
| Engine Electronic Control Modules |
7.1 |
| Locations of Engine Electronic Control Modules |
7.2 |
| Body Control Modules |
7.3 |
| MODULE: Sensors and Actuators |
|
| Sensors (Petrol EFI) |
8.1 |
| Actuators (Petrol EFI) |
8.2 |
| Sensors (Common Rail Diesel) |
8.3 |
| Actuators (Common Rail Diesel) |
8.4 |
| Coolant Temperature Sensors |
8.1.1 |
| Air Temperature Sensors |
8.1.2 |
| Fuel Temperature Sensors |
8.1.3 |
| Crankshaft Position Sensors |
8.1.4 |
| Camshaft Position Sensors |
8.1.5 |
| Engine Speed Sensors |
8.1.6 |
| Throttle Position Sensors |
8.1.7 |
| Airflow Sensors |
8.1.8 |
| Atmospheric Pressure Sensors |
8.1.9 |
| Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensors |
8.1.10 |
| TMAP Sensors |
8.1.11 |
| Lambda Sensors |
8.1.12 |
| Knock Sensors |
8.1.13 |
| Road Speed Sensors |
8.1.14 |
| Miscellaneous Sensors |
8.1.15 |
| Symptoms of Failed Sensors |
8.1.16 |
| Ignition Coils |
8.2.1 |
| Injectors |
8.2.2 |
| Fuel Pumps |
8.2.3 |
| Idle Speed Control |
8.2.4 |
| Electronic Throttle Control |
8.2.5 |
| Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve |
8.2.6 |
| Electronic Engine Cooling Fans |
8.2.7 |
| Diagnostic Plug and Warning Light |
8.2.8 |
| Symptoms of Failed Actuators |
8.2.9 |
| Fuel Temperature Sensors |
8.3.1 |
| Turbocharger Boost Air Temperature |
8.3.2 |
| Diesel Airflow Meters |
8.3.3 |
| Turbocharger Boost Pressure Sensors |
8.3.4 |
| Fuel Rail Pressure Sensors |
8.3.5 |
| Miscellaneous Sensors |
8.3.6 |
| Symptoms of Failed Sensors |
8.3.7 |
| Glow Plugs |
8.4.1 |
| Fuel Pressure Control Solenoid |
8.4.2 |
| Fuel Quantity Control Solenoid |
8.4.3 |
| Injectors |
8.4.4 |
| Diesel Throttle Valve |
8.4.5 |
| Turbocharger Wastegate Valve |
8.4.6 |
| Symptoms of Failed Actuators |
8.4.7 |
| MODULE: Emissions |
|
| Petrol Emissions |
9.1 |
| Diesel Emissions |
9.2 |
| Emission Control Devices |
9.3 |
| Diesel Particulate Filters |
9.4 |
| MODULE: Braking, Steering and Suspension |
|
| ABS |
10.1 |
| ESP |
10.2 |
| Electronic Handbrakes |
10.3 |
| Electronic Steering |
10.4 |
| SRS |
10.5 |
| MODULE: Vehicle Servicing |
|
| Engine oil |
11.1 |
| Power Steering Fluids |
11.2 |
| Brake Fluids |
11.3 |
| Anti-freeze |
11.4 |
| Filters |
11.5 |
| Spark Plugs |
11.6 |
| Cambelts and Timing Chains |
11.7 |
| Serpentine Belts |
11.8 |
| MODULE: Diagnostic Procedures and Flowcharts |
|
| Six Step Approach |
13.1 |
| Guided Diagnostics |
13.2 |
| Diagnostic Procedures – Checking Batteries |
13.3 |
| Checking Battery Static Current Draw |
13.3 ref |
| Diagnostic Procedures – Engine Fails to Crank or Cranks Slowly |
13.4 |
| Diagnostic Procedures – Engine Cranks but fails to start – Checking HT circuits |
13.5 |
| Diagnostic Procedures – Engine Cranks but fails to start – Checking LT circuits (Inductive pick-ups) |
13.6 |
| Diagnostic Procedures – Engine Cranks but fails to start – Checking LT circuits (Hall effect pick-ups) |
13.7 |
| Diagnostic Procedures – Engine Cranks but fails to start – Electronic Fuel Injection |
13.8 |
| Miscellaneous Diagnostic Procedures |
13.9 |
| MODULE: Waveform Library |
|
| Waveform Library – Sensors |
14.1 |
| Waveform Library – Actuators |
14.2 |
| Waveform Library Ignition |
14.3 |
| Waveform Library Miscellaneous |
14.4 |
| Waveform Library Electronic Diesel Injection |
14.5 |
| Waveform Library Motorcycle Engine Management |
14.6 |
| Waveform – Air Flow Meter – Air Vain |
14.1.1 |
| Waveform – Air Flow Meter – Hot Wire |
14.1.2 |
| Waveform – Faulty – Air Flow Meter |
14.1.3 |
| Waveform – Frequency – Hot Film |
14.1.4 |
| Waveform – Frequency – Hot Wire |
14.1.5 |
| Waveform – Camshaft Sensor – AC Excited |
14.1.6 |
| Waveform – Camshaft Sensor – Inductive |
14.1.7 |
| Waveform – Camshaft Sensor – Hall Effect (example 1) |
14.1.8 |
| Waveform – Camshaft Sensor – Hall Effect (example 2) |
14.1.9 |
| Waveform – Camshaft vs. Crankshaft Sensors (dual trace) |
14.1.10 |
| Waveform – Coolant Temperature Sensor |
14.1.11 |
| Waveform – Coolant Temperature Sensor (Vauxhall) |
14.1.12 |
| Waveform – Crankshaft Sensor – Hall Effect |
14.1.13 |
| Waveform – Crankshaft Sensor – Inductive (engine cranking) |
14.1.14 |
| Waveform – Crankshaft Sensor – Inductive (engine running) |
14.1.15 |
| Waveform – Distributor (Hall Effect) Pick-up |
14.1.16 |
| Waveform – Distributor (Inductive) Pick-up (Engine Cranking) |
14.1.17 |
| Waveform – Distributor (Inductive) Pick-up (Engine Running) |
14.1.18 |
| Waveform – Knock Sensor |
14.1.19 |
| Waveform – MAP Sensor (Analogue) |
14.1.20 |
| Waveform – MAP Sensor (Digital) |
14.1.21 |
| Waveform – Manifold Vacuum – Idle, Cruise, WOT |
14.1.22 |
| Waveform – Oxygen Sensor Heater |
14.1.23 |
| Waveform – Oxygen Sensor (Titania) |
14.1.24 |
| Waveform – Oxygen Sensor (Ziconia) |
14.1.25 |
| Waveform – EOBD Oxygen Sensors |
14.1.26 |
| Waveform – Power Steering Pressure Sensor |
14.1.27 |
| Waveform – Road Speed Sensor (Hall Effect) |
14.1.28 |
| Waveform – Throttle Pedal Sensor (ETC) |
14.1.29 |
| Waveform – Throttle Position Sensor (ETC) |
14.1.30 |
| Waveform – Throttle Potentiometer |
14.1.31 |
| Waveform – Fault Throttle Potentiometer |
14.1.32 |
| Waveform – Throttle Potentiometer and Switch |
14.1.33 |
| Waveform – Throttle Switch |
14.1.34 |
| Waveform – TMAP |
14.1.35 |
| Waveform – Twin Camshaft Sensors |
14.1.36 |
| Waveform – Carbon Canister Solenoid Valve |
14.2.1 |
| Waveform – Variable Speed Cooling Fan |
14.2.2 |
| Waveform – EGR Solenoid Valve |
14.2.3 |
| Waveform – Fuel Pump Current |
14.2.4 |
| Waveform – Fuel Pump – High Pressure Regulator |
14.2.5 |
| Waveform – Fuel Pump – Returnless Regulator |
14.2.6 |
| Waveform – Fuel Supply Pressure |
14.2.7 |
| Waveform – Idle Speed Control Valve (Electromagnetic) |
14.2.8 |
| Waveform – Idle Speed Control Valve (Rotary) |
14.2.9 |
| Waveform – Injector – Direct Injection |
14.2.10 |
| Waveform – Injector – Multi-point injection (voltage) |
14.2.11 |
| Waveform – Injector – Multi-point injection (current) |
14.2.12 |
| Waveform – Injector – Multi-point injection (multi-pulsing) |
14.2.13 |
| Waveform – LPG Injector Simulator |
14.2.14 |
| Waveform – Single Point Injection (current) |
14.2.15 |
| Waveform – Single Point Injection (example 1) |
14.2.16 |
| Waveform – Single Point Injection (example 2) |
14.2.17 |
| Waveform – Stepper Motor (4 wire) |
14.2.18 |
| Waveform – Stepper Motor (5 wire) |
14.2.19 |
| Waveform – Throttle Body Servomotor |
14.2.20 |
| Waveform – Variable Camshaft Timing Solenoid |
14.2.21 |
| Waveform – Amplifier Earth |
14.3.1 |
| Waveform – EDIS Unit (PIP & SAW) |
14.3.2 |
| Waveform – Ignition Amplifier ECM Signals |
14.3.3 |
| Waveform – Primary vs. Secondary (dual trace) |
14.3.4 |
| Waveform – Faulty Ignition Coil |
14.3.5 |
| Waveform – Coil-per-cylinder with Integral Amplifier |
14.3.6 |
| Waveform – Ignition Primary |
14.3.7 |
| Waveform – Ignition Primary (Burn Time) |
14.3.8 |
| Waveform – Ignition Primary (Sparkline) |
14.3.9 |
| Waveform – Ignition Primary (Induced Voltage) |
14.3.10 |
| Waveform – Ignition Primary (Dwell Period) |
14.3.11 |
| Waveform – Ignition Primary (Current 1) |
14.3.12 |
| Waveform – Ignition Primary (Current 2) |
14.3.13 |
| Waveform – BMW Ignition Primary |
14.3.14 |
| Waveform – Ignition Secondary |
14.3.15 |
| Waveform – Ignition Secondary (Burn Time) |
14.3.16 |
| Waveform – Ignition Secondary (Sparkline) |
14.3.17 |
| Waveform – Ignition Secondary (Plug Kv) |
14.3.18 |
| Waveform – ABS Speed Sensor (Inductive) |
14.4.1 |
| Waveform – ABS Speed Sensor (Inductive) Dual Trace |
14.4.2 |
| Waveform – ABS Speed Sensor (Inductive) Cornering |
14.4.3 |
| Waveform – ABS Speed Sensor (Digital) |
14.4.4 |
| Waveform – ABS Speed Sensor (Digital) Dual Trace |
14.4.5 |
| Waveform – ABS Speed Sensor (Digital) Cornering |
14.4.6 |
| Waveform – Alternator Volts and Amps |
14.4.7 |
| Waveform – Alternator |
14.4.8 |
| Waveform – CAN-Bus Signal Integrity |
14.4.9 |
| Waveform – CAN-Bus Data Integrity |
14.4.10 |
| Waveform -CAN-Bus Long Capture |
14.4.11 |
| Waveform – LIN-Bus Engine off |
14.4.12 |
| Waveform – Cranking Amps (Petrol) |
14.4.13 |
| Waveform – Cranking Amps (Diesel) |
14.4.14 |
| Waveform – Electric Handbrake Operation |
14.4.15 |
| Waveform – Glow plug Timer Relay |
14.4.16 |
| Waveform – Pulse width modulation example 1 |
14.4.17 |
| Added – pulse width modulation example 2 |
14.4.18 |
| Waveform -Smart Charging (Ford) |
14.4.19 |
| Waveform – Steering Angle Sensor |
14.4.20 |
| Waveform – Volt Drop Test |
14.4.21 |
| Waveform – CDI Accelerator Pedal Sensor |
14.5.1 |
| Waveform – CDI Airflow Sensor |
14.5.2 |
| Waveform – CDI Camshaft (Hall Effect) Sensor |
14.5.3 |
| Waveform – CDI EGR Solenoid Valve |
14.5.4 |
| Waveform – CDI Engine Speed Sensor |
14.5.5 |
| Waveform – CDI High Fuel Pressure Sensor |
14.5.6 |
| Waveform – CDI Injector (Current) Idle |
14.5.7 |
| Waveform – CDI Injector (Current) Under Acceleration |
14.5.8 |
| Waveform – CDI Injector (Current) Overrun |
14.5.9 |
| Waveform – CDI Inlet Air Pressure Sensor |
14.5.10 |
| Waveform – CDI Turbo Pressure Sensor Solenoid Valve (At idle) |
14.5.11 |
| Waveform – CDI Turbo Pressure Sensor Solenoid Valve (Under Acceleration) |
14.5.12 |
| Waveform – CDI 3 Injector |
14.5.13 |
| Waveform – CDI 3 Pressure Regulator |
14.5.14 |
| Waveform – CDI 3 Quantity Control Valve |
14.5.15 |
| Waveform – Common rail injector |
14.5.16 |
| Waveform – MPROP valve |
14.5.17 |
| Waveform – Rail pressure sensor |
14.5.18 |
| Waveform – PD injector |
14.5.19 |
| Waveform – PD Piezo injector |
14.5.20 |
| Waveform – Delphi Injector |
14.5.21 |
| Waveform – Common Rail Pressure Sensor (Delphi) |
14.5.22 |
| Waveform – Denso Common Rail Injector |
14.5.23 |
| Waveform – Denso FTS |
14.5.24 |
| Waveform – Denso SCV |
14.5.25 |
| Waveform – Airflow intake / turbo boost pressure |
14.5.26 |
| Waveform – Fuel Supply Pressure |
14.5.27 |
| Waveform – Diesel Injector Lift Valve Sensor |
14.5.28 |
| Waveform – Piezo Injector |
14.5.29 |
| Waveform – TMAP on Turbocharged Diesel |
14.5.30 |
| Waveform – Turbo Boost / Air Intake Temperature |
14.5.31 |
| Waveform – Turbo Boost Pressure |
14.5.32 |
| Waveform – Vacuum Supply |
14.5.33 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle cranking |
14.6.1 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Charging Volts & Amps |
14.6.2 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Phase Wires |
14.6.3 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Engine speed & position |
14.6.4 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Coolant & Intake Air Temperature |
14.6.5 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Atmospheric Pressure Sensor |
14.6.6 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Road speed Sensor |
14.6.7 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Throttle Position Sensor |
14.6.8 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Manifold Pressure Sensor |
14.6.9 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Lambda Sensor |
14.6.10 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Fuel Pump Current |
14.6.11 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Injector |
14.6.12 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Injector Current |
14.6.13 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Primary Ignition |
14.6.14 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Primary Ignition Current |
14.6.15 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Secondary Ignition (Negative Fired) |
14.6.16 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Secondary Ignition (Positive Fired) |
14.6.17 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Side Stand Switch |
14.6.18 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Neutral Switch |
14.6.19 |
| Waveform – Motorcycle Cooling Fan Current |
14.6.20 |
| MODULE: Miscellaneous Topics |
|
| Mechanical Fuel Injection (K-jetronic) |
15.1 |
| Liquefied Petroleum Gas |
15.2 |
| Hybrid Vehicles |
15.3 |
| Variable Vale Timing |
15.4 |
| Air Conditioning |
15.5 |
| Turbochargers |
15.6 |
| Variable geometry turbos |
15.7 |
| Saddle fuel tanks / pumps |
15.8 |
| Miscellaneous Older Technology |
15.9 |
| MODULE: Bonus Material |
|
| Back to basics – Part 1 – Ignition Primary Circuits |
16.1 |
| Back to basics – Part 2 – Trigger Signals (part 1) |
16.2 |
| Back to basics – Part 3 – Trigger Signals (part 2) |
16.3 |
| Back to basics – Part 4 – Trigger Signals (part 3) |
16.4 |
| Back to basics – Part 5 – Primary vs Secondary |
16.5 |
| Back to basics – Part 6 – Electronic Fuel Injection (part 1) |
16.6 |
| Back to basics – Part 7 – Electronic Fuel Injection (part 2) |
16.7 |
| Back to basics – Part 8 – Electronic Fuel Injection (part 3) |
16.8 |
| Back to basics – Part 9 – Emission Related Components & Actuators |
16.9 |
| Back to basics – Part 10 – Miscellaneous Sensor & Actuator Waveforms |
16.1 |
|
|
| Health & Safety Disclaimer |
App A |
| Glossary |
App B |